ʻO ka wehewehe hohonu ʻana o ka ʻoihana ʻāpana uila

ʻO nā ʻāpana uila e pili ana i nā ʻāpana passive, ʻo ia nā ʻāpana RCL nā mea nui loa, me ka nui o nā huahana a me nā noi.Ua hele aku nā ʻāpana uila honua i ʻekolu pae hoʻomohala, ʻo Kina me ke kolu o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kaulahao semiconductor ʻoihana a me ke kākoʻo kulekele aupuni, ua kokoke e komo i ka pae hoʻomohala wikiwiki o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka home, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka ʻenehana uila, nā ʻāpana uila mai ka ka hoʻololi haʻahaʻa a hiki i ka waena a me ke kiʻekiʻe, e hōʻike ana i nā manawa hoʻomohala hou.

1 mea uila he aha
ʻO nā ʻāpana uila nā huahana i hoʻololi ʻole i ka haku mele i ka wā o ka hana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana, e like me nā resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc. nā manaʻo passive, a no ka mea hiki ʻole ke hauʻoli i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hōʻailona uila, oscillation, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka pane i ka hōʻailona uila he passive a submissive, ʻike ʻia hoʻi nā ʻāpana passive.

Ua māhele 'ia nā mea uila i nā 'āpana papa kaapuni a me nā 'āpana pili, nā māhele papa kaapuni ka nui o nā mea RCL, nā mea RCL i nā resistors, nā capacitors a me nā inductors ʻekolu ʻano, a me nā transformers, relays, etc.;Loaʻa nā ʻāpana papa pili i ʻelua mau ʻāpana, hoʻokahi no nā ʻāpana pili kino, me nā mea hoʻohui, nā kumu, nā papa kaapuni paʻi (PCB), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ʻo kekahi no nā mea RF passive, me nā kānana, nā mea hoʻohui ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe he passive RF me nā kānana. , mea hui, resonator, etc.

ʻO nā mea uila i ʻike ʻia ʻo "ka laiki o ka ʻoihana uila", nona ka waiwai hoʻopuka o nā ʻāpana RCL i helu ʻia no 89% o ka nui o ka waiwai hoʻopuka o nā ʻāpana uila, capacitors, inductors, resistors noho i ka hapa nui o ka waiwai hoʻopuka o nā mea uila. .

Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, nā ʻāpana uila e like me nā ʻāpana uila maʻamau, me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka hana ʻana o nā mea hana i lalo, hoʻemi iki ka leo, e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka miniaturization, hoʻohui, hana kiʻekiʻe, ua lilo nā ʻāpana chip i ke kumu nui o nā ʻāpana RCL, lilo i ka alakaʻi nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻoihana.

2 Kūlana makeke
1, ʻoihana ʻāpana uila i ka pōʻai i luna
E hoʻomaka ana i ka hapa lua o 2020, me ka maʻi maʻi lei aliʻi hou i hoʻihoʻi ʻia, downstream 5G, nā uila uila a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka piʻi ʻana o ka noi, lako huahana, ua wehe ka ʻoihana i kahi pōʻai hou o ka boom upward cycle.Manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka mākeke ʻāpana uila 2026 he $ 39.6 biliona, 2019-2026 ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka hui ma kahi o 5.24%.Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o 5G, nā kelepona akamai, nā kaʻa akamai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻouna ʻana o ka ʻenehana 5G he 1-2 mau kauoha o ka nui ma mua o 4G, a ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka hoʻouna ʻana e alakaʻi i ka nui o nā kānana, nā mana amplifiers a me nā mea hana mua RF, a huki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā inductors, capacitors a nā mea uila e pili ana.

Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona noi kelepona, ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mea hope loa i ka hana a me ka hana, e hoʻolaha i ka chip, ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā ʻāpana uila, nā ʻāpana uila i ka miniaturization o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka manawa like, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana uila o ke kelepona hoʻokahi. piʻi wikiwiki.
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana mana mana kaʻa akamai, ʻōnaehana infotainment, ʻōnaehana mālama palekana a me nā ʻōnaehana uila kino e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka ʻike hoʻokele o nā ʻōnaehana kōkua e hoʻomau i ka hoʻonui, e hoʻonui i ka piʻi ʻana o ka uila uila.Manaʻo ʻia e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o nā ʻāpana uila kaʻa ma mua o 5,000, ʻoi aku ma mua o 40% o ka waiwai hoʻopuka o ke kaʻa holoʻokoʻa.

2, ka ʻāina nui ʻo Kina e hoʻolalelale i ka hopu ʻana i ka mākeke
Mai ka māhele ʻāina, i ka makahiki 2019, ʻo ka ʻāina nui ʻo Kina a me ʻAsia e noho pū ana i ka 63% o ka māhele mākeke o ka honua.Capacitor kahua Iapana, Korea a me Taiwan oligopoly, kahua kū'ē Kina Taiwan Guoguang kūlana mana, inductor kahua i nā mea hana Kepani e like me ka mana.

Nā kiʻi
Me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o nā mea uila uila, nā ʻenehana hou a me nā noi 5G i hui pū ʻia e hoʻonui hou i ka noi no nā ʻāpana uila, ua hoʻomaka nā mea hana uila Kepani a me Korea e hoʻoponopono i kā lākou mau hoʻolālā, ua neʻe mālie ka mana hana i ka uila uila, ka miniaturization papa hana kiʻekiʻe. ka mana, nā huahana kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻāpana RF.

ʻO Iapana a me South Korea nā mea uila uila e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻolālā huahana i ka manawa like me ka haʻalele ʻana i ka mākeke waena a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka hopena i ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ke koi ʻana i ka waena a me ka haʻahaʻa, i nā manawa hoʻomohala o nā ʻoihana uila kūloko. ua puka mai ka hale i kekahi mau hui kūlana kiʻekiʻe, e like me ʻekolu pūʻulu apo (nā capacitors ceramic), Faraday Electronics (nā capacitors kiʻiʻoniʻoni), Shun Lo Electronics (inductors), Aihua Group (aluminum electrolytic capacitors), etc.

Me ka haʻalele iki ʻana o nā mea hana Kepani a me Korea mai ka mākeke haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ua hoʻomaka nā ʻoihana kūloko e hoʻolalelale i ka māhele mākeke, nā mea hana hale e like me Fenghua, ʻekolu apo, Yuyang, etc. ʻO ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka hiki ke piʻi nui, manaʻo ʻia e wikiwiki i ka māhele mākeke.

3 wahi wela
1、Chip multilayer ceramic capacitor ʻoihana
Wahi a ka ʻikepili China Electronic Components Industry Association, ua ulu ka nui o ka mākeke capacitor ceramic honua i ka 3.82% i kēlā me kēia makahiki i 77.5 biliona yuan ma 2019, e helu ana a hiki i ka 52% o ka mākeke capacitor honua;Ua ulu ka nui o ka mākeke capacitor seramika o Kina i 6.2% ma luna o 2018 i 57.8 biliona yuan, e helu ana a hiki i ka 54% o ka mākeke capacitor home;ʻO ka holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka honua a me ka home ceramic capacitor market share e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻano piʻi.

Loaʻa i ka MLCC nā mea maikaʻi o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ka capacitance kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe, a me ka precision kiʻekiʻe, a hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ma luna o nā PCB, hybrid IC substrates, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e pane ana i ke ʻano o ka miniaturization a me ke kaumaha māmā o nā mea uila uila.I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ke ulu wikiwiki nei nā kelepona akamai, nā kaʻa ikehu hou, ka mana ʻoihana, ke kamaʻilio 5G a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, e lawe mai ana i kahi ulu nui no ka ʻoihana MLCC.Manaʻo ʻia e ulu ka nui o ka mākeke MLCC honua i 108.3 biliona yuan ma 2023;E piʻi ka nui o ka mākeke MLCC Kina i ka 53.3 biliona yuan, me ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki ma mua o ka awelika o ka ulu ʻana o ka honua.

ʻO ka ʻoihana MCLL honua he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka mākeke mākeke a ua hoʻokumu i kahi ʻano oligopoly paʻa.Loaʻa i nā ʻoihana Iapana kahi pōmaikaʻi nui ma ka pae honua mua, South Korea, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Kina a me Taiwan mau ʻoihana ma ka lua o ka ʻoihana, ʻo ka ʻenehana ʻoihana ʻāina ʻo Kina a me ka pae pālākiō i hope i ke kolu o ka echelon.ʻO 2020 honua MLCC mākeke ʻehā mau ʻoihana ʻo Murata, Samsung electromechanical, Kokusai, ka mana o ka lā, ka māhele mākeke o 32%, 19%, 12%, 10% kēlā me kēia.

Ke alakaʻi nei nā ʻoihana kūloko i ka mākeke o nā huahana haʻahaʻa a me waena.Aia ma kahi o 30 mau mea hana MLCC kīwila nui ma Kina, me nā ʻoihana kūloko i hōʻike ʻia e Fenghua Hi-Tech, Sanhuan Group, Yuyang Technology a me Micro Capacitor Electronics, ka mea nui e hoʻopuka i nā huahana medium a nui me ka waiwai capacitance haʻahaʻa a haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

2、ʻoihana capacitor kiʻiʻoniʻoni
Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana ikehu hou o Kina, a me ke ʻano o nā koi koʻikoʻi no ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻoihana kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi mai 2010 a 2015, a ua hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana ma hope o 2015, e hoʻomau i ka ulu ʻana i ka awelika makahiki. ka helu o 6%, me ka nui o ka mākeke a hiki i 9.04 biliona yuan i ka makahiki 2019, e helu ana ma kahi o 60% o ka huina o ka mākeke honua, ka pae mua ma ka honua.
Me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hoʻolālā aupuni e like me "carbon neutrality", e hoʻonui hou aku ka mākeke ikehu hou o Kina a lawe mai i ka manawa ulu paʻa paʻa i ka mākeke capacitor film.Kuhi ʻia ka mākeke capacitor kiʻiʻoniʻoni no nā kaʻa ikehu hou e ulu ma kahi CAGR o 6.1% mai 2020 a 2025, a e hōʻea i $ 2.2 biliona i 2025, e lilo ia i mākeke mea kūʻai nui loa no nā capacitors kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

ʻO ka mākeke ʻoihana kiʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni honua i koʻikoʻi loa, me nā pōmaikaʻi o nā ʻoihana poʻo.ʻO nā ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe a me nā laina mua o nā capacitors kiʻiʻoniʻoni e monopoli ʻia e nā ʻoihana mai Iapana, Kelemānia, Italia, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, a ʻo nā ʻoihana kūloko e like me Farad Electronics a me Copper Peak Electronics ua helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he lua a me ke kolu o nā laina laina. .I ka makahiki 2019 ka māhele mākeke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni honua, ʻoi aku ʻo Panasonic ma mua o ka hapalua o ka māhele mākeke, a hoʻokahi wale nō ʻoihana ma ka ʻāina nui ʻo Kina, ʻo Farrar Electronics, aia i ka mua, e noho ana i ka 8% o ka mākeke.

3、ʻoihana pāʻani pākī
I loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o nā ʻenehana e like me 5G, naʻauao artificial, nā kaʻa ikehu hou, a me nā ʻikepili nui, nā mea kūʻai chip e hana i ka manawa hoʻomohala ma o nā noi o lalo, me nā mea uila uila a me ka māmā e like me ka wahi noi nui, helu no 44% o ka. mākeke, a me nā wahi nui ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā mea uila uila, automotive, kamaʻilio, ʻoihana a me ka pūʻali koa.Ua piʻi mau ka nui o ka mākeke chip resistors mai 2016 a i 2020 mai $ 1.5 biliona a ʻoi aku ma mua o USD 1.7 biliona, a ʻo ka nui o ka mākeke chip resistor honua e manaʻo ʻia e hiki i ka $ 2.4 biliona ma 2027.

I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hui US a me Iapana i ka mākeke resistor chip kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻaʻole lawa ka hoʻonui ʻana i lalo.Ke nānā aku nei nā hui US a me Iapana i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, e kālele ana i nā ala kaʻina hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni, e like me ka US Vishay ka mea hana nui loa o ke kū'ē kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ʻo Iapana ka mana nui ma ke kula o 0201 a me 0402 mau hiʻohiʻona o ka precision kiʻekiʻe. huahana.Loaʻa iā Kokusai o Taiwan he 34% ka māhele o ka mākeke resistor chip honua, me ka puka o kēlā me kēia mahina a hiki i ka 130 biliona mau ʻāpana.
Loaʻa iā Mainland China kahi mākeke pale chip nui me kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o nā hui kūloko.Ke hilinaʻi nei ka mākeke o Kina i nā ʻoihana hui a me nā mea lawe mai he kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo nā mea hana resistor ka hapa nui o ka mokuʻāina i hoʻololi ʻia i hui pū ʻana, e like me Fenghua Hi-Tech a me Northern Huachuang, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hana ʻana i kahi kūlana alakaʻi i ka resistor chip. ʻoihana, ʻo ka hopena i ka nui o ke kaulahao ʻoihana kūʻai chip kūloko āpau akā ʻaʻole ikaika.

4、ʻOihana Papa Kaapuni Pai
Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o nā huahana kamaʻilio uila, ua piʻi mau ka noi no nā papa palupalu i PCB, no ka laʻana, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka noi no nā papa palupalu i nā kelepona kelepona ʻo Apple mai 13 mau ʻāpana i ka lima o ka hanauna i 30 mau ʻāpana i kēia manawa, a me ka unahi. o ka honua PCB oihana ua manaoia e hiki i $79,2 ieeeea? uku.
Ma ka mākeke papa kaapuni paʻi o Kina, ua māhele ʻia nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui i nā pae kiʻekiʻe, waena a haʻahaʻa, ʻo ke kahua kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻopukapuka haole, Hong Kong, Taiwan, kekahi mau ʻoihana nui o Kina, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana kūloko i ke kapikala a me ka ʻenehana. hemahema, ka nui o ka nānā 'ana i nā wahi huahana ha'aha'a.

Wahi a ka māhele mākeke o nā ʻoihana hiki ke ʻike ʻia, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka mākeke o ka ʻoihana papa kaapuni paʻi o Kina, ua hoʻonui iki ʻia i nā makahiki i hala.2020 ʻO ka ʻoihana papa kaapuni paʻi ʻia ʻo Kina CR5 ma kahi o 34.46%, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2019 i hoʻonui ʻia e 2.17 pakeneka;ʻO CR10 ma kahi o 50.71%, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2019 i hoʻonui ʻia e 1.88 pakeneka.

5、ʻoihana lawe uila
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o nā mea uila uila ma hope o ka kaulana o 5G, ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka naʻauao artificial a me ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o nā kaʻa uila e hoʻoikaika i ka ulu ʻana o ka noi ʻana o ka mākeke uila uila, a ke manaʻo ʻia nei ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke pepa lawe pepa honua e 4.1%. makahiki-ma-makahiki a hiki i 36.75 biliona m i 2021. e ulu ana ka noi ma Kina e 10.04% i ka makahiki i ka 19.361 biliona m ma 2022.
No ka mākeke niche ka lepe uila uila, me ka mākeke ʻāpana uila e lawe mai i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka noi ʻana o ka mākeke uila uila, ʻo ka honua a me Kina ka nui o ka mākeke lawe uila uila he ʻano paʻa i luna.Manaʻo ʻia i ka makahiki 2021 e ulu ka nui o ka mākeke pepa lawe pepa honua e 4.2% i kēlā me kēia makahiki i 2.76 biliona yuan, a i ka makahiki 2022 e ulu ka nui o ka mākeke pepa lawe pepa o Kina e 12% makahiki-ma-makahiki a 1.452 biliona. yuan.

ʻO nā ʻoihana Kina, Iapana, Korea a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e noho i ka hapa nui o ka mākeke honua.Ma waena o lākou, ua hoʻomaka mua nā ʻoihana Iapana a loaʻa iā lākou ka ʻenehana alakaʻi;Ua ulu wikiwiki nā ʻoihana o South Korea i nā makahiki i hala iho nei a ke hoʻomau nei nā kūʻai aku ma waho;ua puka mai nā ʻoihana hana maikaʻi loa ma Kina a me Taiwan, a ke neʻe mālie nei ko lākou pae hoʻokūkū a ʻoi aku ma mua o nā ʻoihana Iapana a me Korea ma kekahi mau ʻano.ʻO ka māhele o JMSC o ka mākeke pepa lawe pepa honua e hōʻea i 47% i 2020.
He keakea kiʻekiʻe ko ka ʻoihana lipine lawe liʻiliʻi i ke komo ʻana a ʻaʻole ikaika ka hoʻokūkū kūloko.Mai ka makahiki 2018, ua ʻoi aku ka JEMSTEC ma mua o 60% o ka mākeke pepa lawe pepa kūloko a aneane ʻaʻohe mea hoʻokūkū kūloko, akā he liʻiliʻi ka mana kūʻai no nā mea kūʻai aku a me kekahi wahi kūʻai aku no nā mea kūʻai mai lalo a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia e nā mea komo a me nā mea pani.

6、ʻOihana hana ʻenehana uila
ʻO nā seramika uila e ka ʻoihana MLCC i alakaʻi ʻia e ka maopopo.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo MLCC i nā mea uila uila, kamaʻilio, uila uila, nā mea pono home a me nā māla ʻē aʻe, ka nui o ka mākeke o kēia manawa ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 biliona yuan, e manaʻo ʻia ka wā e hiki mai ana e mālama i ka ulu ʻana o ka hui makahiki o 10% a 15%, e hoʻokele ana i ka. ʻoihana seramika uila i kahi pae hoʻomohala wikiwiki.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka mākeke seramika uila o Kina e mālama i ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o 13% a ʻoi aku paha, e manaʻo ʻia e hiki i 114.54 biliona yuan ma 2023, kahi ākea ākea no ka hoʻololi home.Loaʻa maʻalahi ka ʻike o ka mea kūʻai aku e hoʻonui i ka mākeke localization;Ke wāwahi nei ka ʻoki ʻoki ʻāina i ke kūlana monopoly ma waho, manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokō i ka leo wikiwiki;I kēia manawa, ua hōʻike mālie ʻia ka pono o ka ʻenehana wahie cell diaphragm plate core.
Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Iapana, ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa i ka ʻoihana seramika uila honua, e noho ana i ka mākeke kiʻekiʻe.ʻO Iapana, me nā mea maikaʻi o kahi ākea o nā mea seramika uila, hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻenehana maikaʻi, noho ʻo 50% o ka māhele mākeke honua, ukali ʻia e ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ʻEulopa, e noho ana i 30% a me 10% o ka māhele mākeke.ʻO Iapana SaKai i ka māhele mākeke honua o 28%, i koho mua ʻia, ʻo ka hui US Ferro a me ka NCI o Iapana i koho ʻia i ka lua a me ke kolu.

Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻenehana a me ka ʻenehana koi, a ua hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana uila uila o Kina, ua ʻike ʻia nā mea hana hale i ka ʻenehana, ʻenehana, waiwai i hoʻohui ʻia ma mua o nā ʻoihana kaulana ʻē aʻe. wahi.ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana me ka papahana R&D aupuni, ka hoʻopukapuka kālā mākeke, ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi, ka hōʻiliʻili ʻenehana ʻoihana i kēia manawa a me nā mea maikaʻi ʻē aʻe he nui, e kōkua i nā ʻoihana o Kina e hoʻololi mālie i ke kuhikuhi o ka ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.